一、厨房排烟系统的组成
1、 Composition of kitchen smoke exhaust system
厨房排烟系统主要由集烟罩、排烟管、消防阀、油烟净化器设备、排烟风机（含消声器）、厨房综合送风装置等组成。油烟净化器设备的类型和运行方式可根据实际情况选择。安装油烟净化器前，应计算排烟系统各部分的实际运行参数，包括运行阻力和排气量。如果要新建项目，应充分考虑在排气系统上安装油烟净化器的影响。如果是改造项目，安装油烟净化器时需要重新计算排气系统。必要时对厨房集烟罩、排烟管、整体送风装置进行改造，更换排风机。
The kitchen smoke exhaust system is mainly composed of smoke collecting hood, smoke exhaust pipe, fire valve, lampblack purifier equipment, smoke exhaust fan (including muffler), kitchen integrated air supply device, etc. The type and operation mode of lampblack purifier can be selected according to the actual situation. Before installing the lampblack purifier, the actual operating parameters of each part of the smoke exhaust system shall be calculated first, including operating resistance and exhaust volume. If a new project is to be built, the impact of installing a fume purifier on the exhaust system shall be fully considered. If it is a reconstruction project, the exhaust system needs to be recalculated when installing the lampblack purifier. If necessary, the kitchen hood, smoke exhaust pipe and integral air supply device shall be modified, and the exhaust fan shall be replaced.
二、集烟罩
2、 Smoke collecting hood
集烟罩一般为整体加工，包括过滤、集油、集水等设备，主要由厨房公司制造。其外观应均匀、美观、易于清洁。厨房通风时，需要添加一定量的新鲜空气。一方面可以平衡空气压力，避免厨房负压过大（一般小于5pa），另一方面可以降低厨房温度，改善工作环境。烹饪烟气收集罩主要有三种类型：
The smoke collection hood is generally processed as a whole, including filtering, oil collection, water collection and other equipment, and is mainly manufactured by professional kitchen companies. The appearance shall be uniform, beautiful and easy to clean. When the kitchen is ventilated, a certain amount of fresh air needs to be added. On the one hand, it can balance the air pressure to avoid excessive negative pressure in the kitchen (generally less than 5pa), on the other hand, it can reduce the kitchen temperature and improve the working environment. There are three main types of cooking fume collection hoods:
（1） 简易集气罩为无油供气设备，适用于各种灵活场所，加工安装方便，低廉。但由于缺乏送风设备，集风效果差，容易使烟气在厨房工作人员面前旋转，容易造成油滴分散。
(1) The simple gas collecting hood is an oil-free gas supply equipment, which is suitable for various flexible places. It is easy to process and install, and the price is low. However, due to the lack of air supply equipment, the air collection effect is poor, which is easy to make the smoke rotate in front of the kitchen staff and cause oil droplets to disperse.
（2） 带油罩和供气装置的空气浓缩器能更好地收集烹饪过程中产生的烟雾，油滴不会脱落。只要送风合理，厨房操作人员工作面空气质量良好。但安装要求高，投资大。
(2) The air concentrator with oil hood and air supply device can better collect the smoke generated during cooking, and the oil drops will not fall off. As long as the air supply is reasonable, the air quality of the kitchen operator's working face is good. However, the installation requirements are high and the investment is large.
（3） 水和气体收集（烟雾）盖
(3) Water and gas collection (smoke) cover
输水集气罩的设计原则是与油烟碰撞后形成水幕循环，净化油烟。影响输水集气罩使用效果的关键是形成连续的水幕，循环水系统需要定期清洗。事实上，由于管理不善，大多数水和气体（烟雾）帽不会形成连续的水幕，而只能形成间歇性水滴或小水柱，这使得它们无法使用。
The design principle of the water conveyance and gas collecting hood is to form a water curtain circulation after collision with the lampblack to purify the lampblack. The key to affect the use effect of the water conveyance and gas collecting hood is to form a continuous water curtain, and the circulating water system needs to be cleaned regularly. In fact, due to poor management, most water and gas (smoke) caps will not form a continuous water curtain, but can only form intermittent water droplets or small water columns, which makes them unusable.
三、排烟管道
3、 Smoke exhaust pipe
厨房排气管的水平段不宜过长。一般情况下，水平距离不应超过15米，坡度应大于2%。水平端有可移动的接头，便于机油。根据规范，排气速度不得小于10m/s，以防止油因低风速而粘附在烟道上。连接到排气罩的支架应配备空气流量控制阀。
The horizontal section of kitchen exhaust pipe should not be too long. Generally, the maximum horizontal distance shall not exceed 15m and the gradient shall be greater than 2%. The horizontal end has a movable joint for easy removal of oil. According to the specification, the exhaust velocity shall not be less than 10m/s to prevent oil from adhering to the flue due to low wind speed. Supports attached to exhaust hoods shall be equipped with air flow control valves.
排烟管的不合理设计和安装往往会导致厨房产生烟气，直接影响烟气净化器的使用。主要原因如下：
The unreasonable design and installation of smoke exhaust pipe will often lead to smoke in the kitchen, which directly affects the use of smoke purifier. The main reasons are as follows:
（1） 主排气管道通风面积不足，气流较大。根据工程经验，主排气管内的风速不超过15m/s。否则，运行一段时间（如一年）后，很容易造成排烟系统堵塞。在油烟净化器的运行实践中，大多数情况下，排烟管因通风面积不足而堵塞，管内气体流速大于15m/s。
(1) The ventilation area of the main exhaust pipe is insufficient and the air flow is large. According to engineering experience, the wind speed in the main exhaust pipe shall not exceed 15m/s. Otherwise, after a period of operation (such as one year), it is easy to cause the smoke exhaust system to be blocked. In the operation practice of the oil fume purifier, in most cases, the smoke exhaust pipe is blocked due to insufficient ventilation area, and the gas velocity in the pipe is greater than 15m/s.
（2） 当排烟管穿过建筑梁时，通风的横截面积变小，横截面积上的阻力增大，从而使气流顺畅。
(2) When the smoke exhaust pipe passes through the building beam, the cross sectional area of ventilation becomes smaller, and the resistance on the cross sectional area increases, thus making the air flow smooth.
（3） 当排气管穿过建筑梁或避开其他设备管道时，一段排气管将低于整个排气管的平面。使用一段时间后，油水混合物会积聚在排气管的下部，直接影响排气烟的平滑度。
(3) When the exhaust pipe passes through the building beam or avoids other equipment pipes, a section of exhaust pipe will be lower than the plane of the entire exhaust pipe. After using for a period of time, the oil-water mixture will accumulate in the lower part of the exhaust pipe, which directly affects the smoothness of the exhaust smoke.
（4） 来自不同楼层的厨房烟气通过同一主管排放。在靠近出口的地板上，厨房的烟比较好，但在较低的厨房里，烟并不顺畅。
(4) The kitchen smoke from different floors is discharged through the same main pipe. On the floor near the exit, the smoke in the kitchen is better, but in the lower kitchen, the smoke is not smooth.
四、风机
4、 Fan
1.常用的排风机有三种：轴流风机、风柜风机和离心风机。
1. There are three types of exhaust fans in common use: axial flow fan, fan cabinet fan and centrifugal fan.
（1） 轴流风机以前应用广泛，但由于总压较低，安装油烟净化器后很少使用。然而，它通常用于低空油烟净化器的设计和安装。
(1) Axial flow fan was widely used before, but it was rarely used after installing lampblack purifier due to low total pressure. However, it is usually used for the design and installation of low altitude lampblack purifier.
（2） 风柜风机总压中等，风量可调，噪音低。它通常用于从发动机罩到排烟口中等距离的厨房排烟系统。
(2) The total pressure of the fan of the air cabinet is medium, the air volume is adjustable, and the noise is low. It is usually used for kitchen smoke exhaust system with medium distance from engine hood to smoke exhaust outlet.
（3） 离心风机的总压力和体积可以调节，但由于噪音高，通常需要降低噪音。当厨房位于建筑物底部时，其排气扇应放置在屋顶上。一方面可以减少室内噪声污染，同时排气管处于负压状态，避免臭气外溢。当风机放置在屋顶上时，通常选择离心式风机。
(3) The total pressure and volume of the centrifugal fan can be adjusted, but because of the high noise, it is usually necessary to reduce the noise. When the kitchen is located at the bottom of the building, its exhaust fan should be placed on the roof. On the one hand, it can reduce indoor noise pollution, and at the same time, the exhaust pipe is in a negative pressure state to avoid odor overflow. When the fan is placed on the roof, centrifugal fan is usually selected.
2.厨房排烟量的测定
2. Measurement of kitchen smoke exhaust
为保证净化效果，在实际设计中，要求严格按照排气罩的吸入速度计算排气量。发动机罩的吸气速度一般不小于0.5m/s。
In order to ensure the purification effect, in the actual design, it is required to calculate the exhaust volume in strict accordance with the suction speed of the exhaust hood. The suction speed of the engine hood is generally not less than 0.5m/s.
五、油烟净化器
5、 Oil fume purifier
1.处理空气流量的测量：
1. Measurement of treatment air flow:
静电油烟净化器处理风量的确定一般有三个主要依据：一是根据排风罩投影面积计算排风量；另一个是炉子的数量；一个是从匹配的吸入柜中抽出的空气量。
Generally, there are three main bases for determining the air volume to be handled by the electrostatic lampblack purifier: first, calculate the air volume according to the projected area of the exhaust hood; The other is the number of furnaces; One is the amount of air pumped from the matched suction cabinet.
1）根据集油烟罩总投影面积（S）选型：处理风量=S（m2）×2500≤油烟净化器量。
1) Model selection according to the total projected area (S) of the oil collecting hood: treated air volume=S (m2) × 2500 ≤ oil smoke purifier volume.
2） 根据炉子的选择：
2) According to the choice of furnace:
每个标准炉（φ=350mm），风量2000m3/h，总处理风量=炉数×2000m3/h，然后根据总风量确定设备型号。
Each standard furnace（ φ= 350mm), air volume 2000m3/h, total treated air volume=number of boilers × 2000m3/h, and then determine the equipment model according to the total air volume.
3） 根据原风机匹配选择：所选净化器型号与原风机风量匹配。
3) Selection according to the matching of the original fan: the selected purifier model matches the air volume of the original fan.
4） 根据匹配的风扇进行选择
4) Select according to the matching fan
（1） 计算系统管网压力损失：系统管网压力损失包括局部压力损失和沿途压力损失。局部压力损失：每个减压器、弯头、入口和出口的压力损失
(1) Calculation of system pipe network pressure loss: system pipe network pressure loss includes local pressure loss and pressure loss along the way. Local pressure loss: pressure loss of each reducer, elbow, inlet and outlet
沿途压力损失：直线段压力损失
Pressure loss along the way: pressure loss in straight section
（2） 风机总压力=（管网压力损失+设备压力损失）×（100+20）%
(2) Total fan pressure=(pipe network pressure loss+equipment pressure loss) × （100+20）%
根据风机的总压力选择风机的类型和规格
Select the type and specification of the fan according to the total pressure of the fan
风机额定容量=复合烟气净化器总处理量×1.2%
Rated capacity of fan=total treatment capacity of composite flue gas purifier × 1.2%
5）蔬菜产生的挥发性油烟较大，净化器的设计容量应增加40%
5) The volatile oil fume produced by vegetables is large, and the design capacity of the purifier should be increased by 40%
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