用通风方法改善车间的空气环境，一方面在局部地点或整个车间把不符合卫生标准的污浊空气排室外，另一方面，把新鲜空气或经过净化符合卫生要求的空气送入室内。我们把前者称为排风，把后者称为进风。
Ventilation is used to improve the air environment in the workshop. On the one hand, polluted air which does not meet the hygienic standards is discharged to the outdoor in some places or the whole workshop. On the other hand, fresh air or purified air which meets the hygienic requirements is sent into the room. We call the former the exhaust, and the latter is called the air intake.
在集中产生有害物的局部地点，设置捕集装置，将有害物排走，以控制有害物向室内扩散，这种通风方法称为局部排风。这是防毒，排尘有效的通风方法。
In the locality where harmful substances are concentrated, a trap is set up to discharge harmful substances to control the diffusion of harmful substances into the room. This ventilation method is called local exhaust. This is the most effective ventilation method to prevent dust and dust.
局部排风系统由以下几部分组成：
The local exhaust system consists of the following parts:
(1)局部排风罩
(1) local exhaust hood
局部排风罩是用来捕集有害物的。它的性能对局部排风系统的技术经济指标有直接影响。性能良好的局部排风罩，如密闭罩，只要较小的风量就可以获得良好的工作效果。由于生产设备和操作的不同，排风罩的形式是多种多样的。
Partial exhaust hood is used to capture harmful substances. Its performance has a direct impact on the technical and economic indexes of the local exhaust system. Good performance of local exhaust hood, such as airtight cover, as long as a small amount of air can be achieved good results. Because of the difference in production equipment and operation, the form of exhaust hood is varied.
(2)风管
(2) wind pipe
通风系统中输送气体的管道称为风管，它把系统中的各种设备或部件连成了一个整体。为了提高系统的经济性，应合理选定风管中的气体流速，管路应力求短、直。风管通常用表面光滑的材料制作，如：薄钢板、聚氯乙烯板，有时也用混凝土、砖等材料。
The duct that conveys gas in a ventilation system is called an air duct. It connects all kinds of equipment or components in the system into a whole. In order to improve the economy of the system, the gas flow rate in the air duct should be reasonably selected, and the stress of the pipeline should be short and straight. The duct is usually made of smooth surface materials, such as thin steel plate, PVC board, and sometimes concrete, brick and other materials.
(3)除尘、净化设备
(3) dust removal and purification equipment
为了防止大气污染，当排出空气中有害物量超过排放标准时，必须用净化设备处理，达到排放标准后，排人大气。净化设备分除尘器和有害气体净化装置两类。
In order to prevent air pollution, when the amount of harmful substances discharged from the air exceeds the discharge standard, it must be treated with purification equipment. After reaching the discharge standard, the air is discharged. Cleaning equipment is divided into two categories: dust collector and harmful gas purification device.
(4)风机
(4) fan
风机向机械排风系统捉供空气流动的动力。为了防止风机的磨损和腐蚀，通常把它放在净化设备的后面。
The power of the fan to catch the air flow to the mechanical exhaust system. In order to prevent fan wear and corrosion, it is usually placed behind the purification equipment.
如果只对局部地点进行排风或送风，即局部通风;如果对整个车间进行排风或送风，则为通风。通常，按通风系统的作用范围不同，可将通风分为局部通风、通风和事故通风。局部通风系统又分为局部进风和局部排风两大类，它们都是利用局部气流，使局部工作地点不受有害物的污染，造成良好的空气环境。
Local ventilation is achieved if ventilation or supply is carried out only at local locations; full ventilation is achieved if ventilation or supply is carried out throughout the workshop. Generally, ventilation can be divided into local ventilation, comprehensive ventilation and accident ventilation according to the scope of the ventilation system. Local ventilation system is divided into two categories: local air intake and local air exhaust. Both of them make use of local air flow, so that local workplaces are not polluted by harmful substances, resulting in a good air environment.
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